Hubble had a great love of England and was interested in the common law of the country from which his ancestors had emigrated in the seventeenth century. A sports promoter wanted to train him to fight Jack Johnson, the world champion, but instead Hubble went to Queen’s College, Oxford, in 1910 as a Rhodes scholar from Illinois.Īt Oxford, Hubble first thought of reading mathematics but after studying some of the final examination papers, he concluded that they were too specialized for his liking and instead decided to read jurisprudence. in mathematics and astronomy and also made his mark on the campus as a heavyweight boxer (he was six feet, two inches tall). Hale, who inspired in him a love of astronomy. He won a scholarship to the University of Chicago, where he came under the influence of the eminent physicist R. At school he excelled both in his studies and in athletics. The son of John Powell Hubble, a lawyer, and the former Virginia Lee James, he spent his early years in Kentucky and attended high school in Chicago, where his father was in the insurance business.
Hubble was the founder of modern extragalactic astronomy and the first to provide observational evidence for the expansion of the universe. San Marino, California, 28 September 1953)
Marshfield, Missouri, 20 November 1889 d. The Hubble Space Telescope is continuing the work begun by Hubble himself to map our Universe, and producing the most remarkable images of distant galaxies ever seen, many of which are available via the World Wide Web.( b. Today his name carried by the best telescope we have, not on Earth, but a satellite observatory orbiting our planet. Hubble made his great discoveries on the best telescope in the world at that time - the 100-inch telescope on Mount Wilson in southern California. And so the modern science of cosmology was born. Within General Relativity, the theory of gravity proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, the inescapable conclusion was that all the galaxies, and the whole Universe, had originated in a Big Bang, thousands of millions of years in the past. Galaxies are receding from us, and one another, as the Universe expands. Since then much improved data has shown the conclusion to be a sound one. The observational data available to Hubble by 1929 was sketchy, but whether guided by inspired instinct or outrageous good fortune, he correctly divined a straight line fit between the data points showing the redshift was proportional to the distance. Though our ears can hear the change of pitch of the racing car engine our eyes cannot detect the tiny red-shift of the light, but with a sensitive spectrograph Hubble could determine the redshift of light from distant galaxies. Just as a sound of a racing car becomes lower as it speeds away from us, so the light from a galaxy becomes redder. The speed with which a galaxy was moving toward or away from us was relatively easy to measure due to the Doppler shift of their light. Hubble was able to measure the distances to only a handful of other galaxies, but he realised that as a rough guide he could take their apparent brightness as an indication of their distance.
It had to be a separate galaxy, comparable in size our own Milky Way but much further away.
EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE PATCH
In 1924 Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda nebula, a faint patch of light with about the same apparent diameter as the moon, and showed it was about a hundred thousand times as far away as the nearest stars. It was known that some spiral nebulae (fuzzy clouds of light on the night sky ) contained individual stars, but there was no consensus as to whether these were relatively small collections of stars within our own galaxy, the ' Milky Way' that stretches right across the sky, or whether these could be separate galaxies, or 'island universes', as big as our own galaxy but much further away. In the early 1920s Hubble played a key role in establishing just what galaxies are. It was only some time after he returned to the US that he decided his future lay in astronomy. He won a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford where he studied law. At university too he was an accomplished sportsman playing for the University of Chicago basketball team. He was more remarkable for his athletic ability, breaking the Illinois State high jump record. His family moved to Chicago in 1898, where at High School he was a promising, though not exceptional, pupil. The explanation is simple, but revolutionary: the Universe is expanding. In 1929 he showed that galaxies are moving away from us with a speed proportional to their distance. Biography Edwin Hubble was a man who changed our view of the Universe.
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